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Contraception conundrum?
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You've got options. Here are some facts on three popular methods, other than the pill.
Article: Riette Rust from Ideas
Image: Getty Images
The Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Usually a T-shaped, plastic device placed in the uterus. There are two types: one containing copper wire and the other the hormone progesterone. The copper-coated IUD makes the uterus lining less receptive to a fertilised egg. With the progesterone one, the hormone prevents the release of an egg and thickens the cervical mucus, which prevents sperm from entering the uterus.

An IUD can be inserted in a doctor's rooms and there is no need for anaesthesia. It needs to be checked four weeks after being inserted and once a year from then on. It should usually be changed every five years.

According to Dr Esterhuizen, both types are good medium-term contraceptives and are ideal between babies. "You should preferably have had a baby before you start using an IUD because then the uterus has stretched and inserting it is easier. There is also less chance of it becoming dislodged and falling out."

Benefits

  • You don't have to remember to take a pill every day.
  • It's highly effective. The failure rate is 0,5% or one in 200.
  • No impact on sexual intercourse.
  • Can be used while breast-feeding.
  • It lightens heavy menstruation and counteracts excessive growth of the uterus lining (endometrial hyperplasia), especially during hormone therapy.
  • There should be no discomfort during intercourse. If you do experience a measure of discomfort you should consult your doctor immediately to find out what could be wrong.

    Disadvantages

  • The chances of an ectopic pregnancy increase by between 0,1% and 0,5%.
  • It has to be checked at specific intervals.
  • It can become dislodged and fall out.
  • You could initially experience irregular or heavy menstruation.
  • There's a small chance of vaginal infection. (This device is not for you if you suffer from regular infections.)
  • It does not offer protection against Aids and other sexually transmitted diseases.
  • There could be side effects such as headaches, abdominal pain, back pain, nausea or fluid retention.

    Remember: The IUD must be inserted by a doctor.

    The Patch
    The contraceptive hormone patch contains oestrogen and progesterone that are released into the bloodstream in low dosages to prevent ovulation. It also thins the lining of the uterus to prevent a fertilised egg from attaching easily, and thickens the cervical mucus to prevent sperm from moving through with ease. Usually prescribed for women under the age of 35 who don't smoke and weigh less than 90kg.

    Apply a new patch to the stomach, chest (not on or near the breasts), outer part of the upper arm, or buttocks once a week. Then go patch free for one week during which menstruation occurs.

    Benefits

  • Hormones are absorbed directly through the skin and are not absorbed by the stomach or liver. Antibiotics, nausea and vomiting therefore do not impact the patch.
  • Menstruation is regular, lighter and less painful.
  • Just as effective as the Pill (up to 99% when used correctly).
  • There is no impact on intercourse.
  • You don't have to remember to take a pill every day.
  • Showering, bathing and swimming do not affect the patch.
  • You can expect to gain very little or no weight at all.

    Disadvantages

  • Only available on prescription.
  • Not suitable for women who suffer from blood clots, high blood pressure, diabetes or severe migraine, who have diseases of the liver or gall bladder, or who have been diagnosed with breast cancer.
  • The glue can cause skin irritation.
  • It does not offer protection against Aids and other sexually transmitted diseases.
  • Tenderness of the breasts.
  • It's visible.
  • Spot bleeding might occur.
  • Some medication, such as St John's Wort, can make the patch less effective.
  • Cannot be used while breast-feeding.

    Remember: The area where you apply the patch must be clean, dry and free of hair.

    The Female Condom
    Made from latex and larger than the male version. It is inserted in the vagina with the closed end uppermost. It can be used at any age or stage of life. When used correctly, it's just as effective as the male condom.

    Benefits

  • Available without prescription.
  • Doesn't tear as easily as the male condom.
  • Can be inserted long before or immediately prior to intercourse.
  • It fits comfortably.
  • It offers protection against Aids and other sexually transmitted diseases.

    Disadvantages

  • Should preferably be used in conjunction with a spermicide to ensure greater effectiveness.
  • You need to keep a supply available.
  • You must know how to insert it correctly.
  • Less sensation during sex, especially for men.


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