Basil is named from the Greek word basilikon which means 'kingly, and has an almost mystical reputation in some cultures. Most of us know sweet green basil, but other common varieties include purple basil and 'minimm' or Greek basil, which has tiny green leaves. All three have a rich, peppery flavour; although other varieties such as lemon-, anise- and cinnamon-scented basils are also popular.

Stiff, dark green, oblong leaves; pungent aroma. An evergreen shrub, cultivated for ornament and for its aromatic leaves. Bay leaves are one of the most commonly used culinary herbs: a leaf is always incorporated in a bouquet garni and is good for casseroles, stews and pickling. Bay doesn't lose anything through being dried.

It's sold whole, ground or powdered.

The pepper plant is a climbing vine, native to India, Java and the Sunda Islands. The fruits ripen from green to red and finally to brown.

A small bunch of herbs, classically bay leaves, parsley stalks and thyme, wrapped in a leek leaf or piece of celery and tied with string.